[Feature](function) Support more INTERVAL time-unit

[linrrzqqq]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #xxx

Related PR: Fix the wrong behavior introduced in: #57253

Problem Summary:

Release note

doc: apache/doris-website#3315

Support all time unit in Mysql: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/expressions.html#temporal-intervals

Affected function: DATE_ADD/SUB, EXTRACT

select extract(year_month from '2026-01-01 11:45:14.123456') as year_month,
       extract(day_hour from '2026-01-01 11:45:14.123456') as day_hour,
       extract(day_minute from '2026-01-01 11:45:14.123456') as day_minute,
       extract(day_second from '2026-01-01 11:45:14.123456') as day_second,
       extract(day_microsecond from '2026-01-01 11:45:14.123456') as day_microsecond,
       extract(hour_minute from '2026-01-01 11:45:14.123456') as hour_minute,
       extract(hour_second from '2026-01-01 11:45:14.123456') as hour_second,
       extract(hour_microsecond from '2026-01-01 11:45:14.123456') as hour_microsecond,
       extract(minute_second from '2026-01-01 11:45:14.123456') as minute_second,
       extract(minute_microsecond from '2026-01-01 11:45:14.123456') as minute_microsecond,
       extract(second_microsecond from '2026-01-01 11:45:14.123456') as second_microsecond;

+------------+----------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------+--------------+----------------------+-------------------+
| year_month | day_hour | day_minute | day_second  | day_microsecond       | hour_minute | hour_second | hour_microsecond      | minute_second| minute_microsecond   | second_microsecond |
+------------+----------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------+--------------+----------------------+-------------------+
| 2026-01    | 1 11     | 1 11:45    | 1 11:45:14  | 1 11:45:14.123456     | 11:45       | 11:45:14    | 11:45:14.123456       | 45:14        | 45:14.123456         | 14.123456         |
+------------+----------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------+--------------+----------------------+-------------------+

Check List (For Author)

• Test

  • Regression test
  • Unit Test
  • Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
  • No need to test or manual test. Explain why:
    • This is a refactor/code format and no logic has been changed.
    • Previous test can cover this change.
    • No code files have been changed.
    • Other reason

• Behavior changed:

  • No.
  • Yes.

• Does this need documentation?

  • No.
  • Yes. [Feature](function) Support more INTERVAL time-unit doris-website#3315

Check List (For Reviewer who merge this PR)

• Confirm the release note
• Confirm test cases
• Confirm document
• Add branch pick label

[Thearas]

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Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

[linrrzqqq]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

BE UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 58.26% (201/345) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	52.70% (19262/36552)
Line Coverage	36.10% (179004/495817)
Region Coverage	32.56% (138850/426407)
Branch Coverage	33.51% (60106/179361)

[hello-stephen]

BE Regression && UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 96.19% (328/341) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	71.51% (25622/35830)
Line Coverage	54.15% (267819/494588)
Region Coverage	51.75% (222895/430734)
Branch Coverage	53.10% (95624/180077)

[linrrzqqq]

run nonConcurrent

[hello-stephen]

BE Regression && UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 96.19% (328/341) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	71.51% (25622/35830)
Line Coverage	54.16% (267846/494588)
Region Coverage	51.75% (222909/430734)
Branch Coverage	53.11% (95633/180077)

[hello-stephen]

FE Regression Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 85.10% (594/698) 🎉
Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

[hello-stephen]

BE Regression && UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 96.19% (328/341) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	71.50% (25617/35830)
Line Coverage	54.14% (267758/494588)
Region Coverage	51.66% (222532/430734)
Branch Coverage	53.07% (95573/180077)

[hello-stephen]

FE Regression Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 85.10% (594/698) 🎉
Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR adds support for all MySQL-compatible compound time units for INTERVAL operations in DATE_ADD/SUB and EXTRACT functions. It also fixes incorrect behavior introduced in PR #57253 where invalid format exceptions were expected but now the functions handle partial or malformed inputs more gracefully (similar to MySQL).

Changes:

• Added support for 11 new compound time units: YEAR_MONTH, DAY_HOUR, DAY_MINUTE, DAY_SECOND, DAY_MICROSECOND, HOUR_MINUTE, HOUR_SECOND, HOUR_MICROSECOND, MINUTE_SECOND, MINUTE_MICROSECOND, SECOND_MICROSECOND
• Refactored interval parsing logic in C++ backend to handle flexible input formats with better MySQL compatibility
• Changed error handling from exceptions to best-effort parsing for malformed interval strings

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 51 out of 51 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
test_dateadd_with_other_timeunit.groovy	Converts exception tests to query tests with expected outputs for malformed inputs
test_date_function.groovy	Removes exception test for invalid hour format
doc_date_functions_test.groovy	Renames alias from 'year_month' to 'year_and_month' for clarity
test_dateadd_with_other_timeunit.out	Adds expected outputs for new query tests
test_add_sub_union_type.out	Complete new test output file with 810 lines of test results
ScalarFunctionVisitor.java	Adds visitor methods for all new time unit functions
Interval.java	Reorders TimeUnit enum and adds new compound time units
YearMonth*.java, DayHour*.java, etc.	New scalar function classes for extract and add/sub operations
DateTimeExtractAndTransform.java	Adds extract implementations for all new time units
DateTimeArithmetic.java	Complete rewrite of interval parsing with unified approach
DatetimeFunctionBinder.java	Binds new time units to function implementations
BuiltinScalarFunctions.java	Registers all new scalar functions
DorisParser.g4	Updates grammar for EXTRACT and unitIdentifier
DorisLexer.g4	Adds new keywords for compound time units
function_time_test.cpp	Adds comprehensive C++ unit tests (670+ lines)
vdatetime_value.cpp	Adds template instantiations for new time units
function_date_or_datetime_to_string.cpp	Registers new extract functions
function_date_or_datetime_computation.h	Major refactoring to unified AddUnionTypeImpl template
function_date_or_datetime_computation.cpp	Updates function registrations with macros
datetime_errors.h	Adds error helpers and time unit name mapping
date_time_transforms.h	Adds format implementations for extract
date_format_type.h	Adds low-level format structs for string conversion

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